aws

Asked in almost every cloud screen, and most candidates recite the table without ever naming the failure it causes. The ephemeral port range is the whole answer.

The question that separates console users from people who have debugged a permissions failure across accounts. Evaluation order is deterministic and knowing it makes AccessDenied readable.

A design question with a clear answer at this scale, and the reasoning is what scores. The three options solve different problems and peering and Transit Gateway connect networks while PrivateLink exposes services.

Trace the route and return path before changing rules. First establish whether the failing connection uses IPv4, IPv6 or a private service endpoint.

Everyone endorses least privilege; few can describe how they would measure over-permission across a fleet. The scoring answer names the evidence source, the tiered remediation, and the break-glass hatch that makes it survivable.